Building energy management system (bems) Essay Example for Free

Building vitality the board framework (bems) Essay What’s Wrong with Traditional Energy Management? Begin Realizing Untapped Savings Opportunities and Tame Volatile Energy Costs Traditional Energy Management Approaches are Falling Short†How to Fix the Problem Energy utility costsâ€primarily flammable gas and electricityâ€account for one to two percent of deals for the normal business, and can be as much as four to five percent of cost of products sold for makers. With vitality costs turning unstable, corporate supervisory groups are presented to the danger of unforeseen developments in vitality costs. They are feeling moderately powerless as a result of the apparent powerlessness to proactively oversee controlled vitality costs. Simultaneously, firms are freely focusing on maintainability objectives and are presently thinking about how they will accomplish them. Albeit numerous organizations have actualized transient measures to address vitality expenses and manageability responsibilities, these endeavors are missing the mark. Our benchmark information and exploration shows that for most firms, 50 percent of their underlying vitality reserve funds vanish inside the initial six to a year because of an absence of persistent checking, investigation and remedial activity. Be that as it may, huge chance to convey esteem remains. Examination from the U.S. Branch of Energy demonstrates firms that grasp constant checking and dynamic vitality the executives practices can accomplish 15 to 40 percent vitality investment funds. Direct a vitality review: To set up a vitality utilization baselineâ€a essential necessity for effective vitality cost optimization†firms send checking gadgets to gauge vitality use from the office level down to the machine level. Actualize review suggestions: After surveying vitality utilization levels and patterns down to the machine level, directors can execute process changes to upgrade vitality utilization. Activities may run from strategy detailing (closing down PCs around evening time, killing inert gear, and so on.) to robotization (naturally killing lights) to hardware improvement (evolving set-focuses on overwhelming apparatus and hardware). Put resources into high-effectiveness gear: With a full perspective on the vitality utilization and hardware proficiency profile of the undertaking, firms can deliberately put resources into high-productivity gear. These capital redesigns can bring down vitality utilization and may likewise fit the bill for discounts and motivating forces that can essentially improve possible quantifiable profit (ROI). Figure 1: This paper takes a gander at why customary methodologies are coming up short, and layouts a functioning vitality the executives approach that changes the game and produces feasible vitality cost decreases. Investment funds Typical vitality the executives strategiesâ€and why they neglect to convey maintainable worth. For instance, when firms lead vitality reviews, representatives and gear administrators know that their vitality use is being observed and they make changes to decrease utilization, for example, killing inactive hardware. In any case, when screens are expelled, beginning investment funds pinnacle and afterward gradually disintegrate as representative conduct comes back to typical. Essentially, when firms execute process changes, generous beginning investment funds accumulate. Notwithstanding, when the screens fall off, gains decay as gear plans change. Administrators return to the old method of getting things done and set-focuses return to old levels. Also, without definite machine-level utilization information as a pattern (rather than a point-in-time preview), experts can't concoct really ideal procedure upgrades on the grounds that the information isn't sufficiently granular. At last, with capital gear overhauls, investment funds targets are only from time to time acknowledged because of unreasonable working presumptions used to assemble ROI cases and most firms’ absence of market knowledge about the perplexing exhibit of motivators and discounts. half Savings An audit of in excess of 100 organizations and their practices uncover that most firms take three normal activities to address the vitality the executives challenge: Although these customary vitality the executives methods can yield speedy hit results, there is a typical entanglement: when the meters fall off, it has returned to the same old thing and the reserve fu nds vanish. â€Å"50 percent of starting vitality reserve funds vanish inside the initial six to a year because of an absence of consistent checking, examination and restorative action† Months from start 2 A four-advance Active Energy Management approach Recognizing where most activities miss the mark, a coordinated, four-section Active Energy Management methodology can stop the draining and address conventional vitality the board weaknesses: There are a few keys to making vitality investment funds determined. In the first place, take observing and estimation from a one-time investigation to a progressing, dynamic competency. Driving firms utilize 24ãâ€"7 progressed metering and observing innovation with talented investigators to proactively screen vitality utilization information and examples. Consistent observing mitigates the reserve funds spillage depicted before. Dynamic checking permits chiefs to seeâ€in close realtimeâ€if worker conduct is starting to change or old propensities are beginning to return, and recognize the main drivers when genuine vitality utilization varies from projections. Notwithstanding forestalling reserve funds spillage, dynamic o bserving recognizes new, steady vitality investment funds openings, raising the aggregate investment funds figured it out. Copyright  © 2014 Accenture All rights held. Go further: Use machine-level utilization information to drive supportable procedure improvement. With a definite comprehension of vitality utilization down to the individual hardware level, directors can execute nitty gritty procedure enhancement programs, for example, evolving set-focuses for substantial apparatus. For instance, an air blower vitality utilization study (see figure 2) uncovered a chance to modify the working mode from nonstop to choked, bringing about 7 percent vitality investment funds confirmed by continuous estimation. In another model, altering ill-advised temperature set-focuses in a chiller plant dependent on exhaustive investigation of utilization information brought about 30 percent vitality reserve funds. With the correct insight and nitty gritty observing, vitality examiners can evaluate execution and quickly stop vitality reserve funds spillage. Investigators additionally can spot potential support issues and proactively explore when machinelevel executio n strays from desires. Figure 2: 250 Baseline Model Target Model Baseline Data Actual Data 200 Air Compressor (kw) Get constant: Apply â€Å"Active Energy Management† and take checking from an onetime action to a functioning, progressing investigative competency. 150 100 50 0 20 40 60 80 Air Demand (SCFM) in light of Actual Production 100 3 Leverage knowledge: Use vitality request understanding to improve capital venture choices and catch motivators and refunds to drive higher ROI. A thorough comprehension of the utilization profile of the current resource base empowers much better capital speculation choices. Equipped with nitty gritty information and sensible vitality utilization gauges, directors can objectively gauge the advantages of vitality effective new gear versus their buy costs and other related costs (decommissioning and removal cost, creation personal time, and so on.). Past vitality information, profound market insight of credits, motivating forces, and nearby, state and government ref unds can significantly adjust the ROI profile of new capital ventures. The open doors are generous: In 2011 alone, governments, nongovernmental associations and utilities dispersed more than $6.8 billion in real money installments to advance vitality proficiency activities. Tackle the flexibly side: Extend Active Energy Management to incorporated vitality gracefully and request the executives to drive the following degree of reserve funds. As this paper depicts, current vitality the board rehearses are not conveying on their guarantees. The momentary advantages of vitality reviews and close term proposals rapidly blur without nonstop observing. Then again, Active Energy Management, which incorporates ceaseless observing and examination, forestalls the conventional reserve funds spillage seen in most vitality the executives programs. It additionally gives the information and understanding that investigators and administrators need to recognize new reserve funds openings and drive nonstop improvement and total vitality reserve funds benefits. With a set u p foundation of progressing estimation and the board, firms can take vitality reserve funds to the following level. Point by point comprehension of chronicled and arranged utilization takes into consideration speeding up of flexibly side systems. For instance, in deregulated markets, the exactness with which a firm can foresee its vitality utilization decides its capacity to make sure about ideal vitality rates by limiting data transmission charges. Vitality customers can likewise catch different reserve funds through methods like burden (moving use into lower-rate timespans) and top shaving. At last, in managed markets, as opposed to prevalent thinking, firms can upgrade their vitality consumptions by exploiting the different rate structures accessible to buyers and monitoring which accessible rates might be relevant to them. Vitality and utilities speak to a critical and exceptionally unpredictable territory of consumption for most organizations. Nonetheless, conventional vitality the executives approaches much of the time neglect to convey manageable outcomes. Numerous chiefs consider high vitality spend as a zone that can't be tended to because of market guidelines and product unpredictability. Be that as it may, with consistent checking and Active Energy Management programs, driving firms can get considerable vitality cost reserve funds through better vitality request the executives, support those investment funds through progressing observing and upgrade vitality buys with profound market insight. Building vitality the board framework (bems). (2016, Apr 10). 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How does Coleridge tell the story in part 3 of Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

The initial line of section 3 in the main verse, ‘THERE spent a tired time’, shows to the peruser that the Mariner is still in a condition of anguish, proceeded from section 2. The capitalisation of the word, ‘there’, proposes that nature’s torment is just being aimed at those on the boat. Coleridge facilitates the possibility of nature’s torment in this refrain through his utilization of death symbolism, ‘each throat was dry and coated each eye. ’ The word, ‘glazed’ suggests a kind of mental opportunity or vegetation, while ‘parched’ signifies that they are totally dried out, in addition to the fact that they are got dried out they are dried out as in the Mariner has now totally lost any remainder of expectation and confidence in nature. The enjambment in the line is utilized to feature and underscore the degree of the drying out among the ship’s group. Be that as it may, by the fifth line, the tone of the refrain has gotten less morose, appeared through Coleridge’s deviation from the anthem structure. The two additional lines mark the feeling of expectation recently procured by the boat after they see a ‘something in the sky. ’ Both the second and third verses come back to the customary anthem structure to show the ficklness of the Mariner’s trust. In refrain 2, Coleridge utilizes amorphous language, ‘shape’ and ‘seemed’, in this verse so as to keep up the anticipation brought about by both the peruser and the Mariner’s vulnerability about this ‘speck. ’ It’s additionally used to mirror the distress of the Mariner, as his tone has gotten increasingly positive regardless of the possibly hazardous item. The Mariner’s confident tone proceeds in the third refrain, appeared through the auxiliary gadget of accentuation, ‘A bit, a fog, a shape, I wist! ’ The shout is utilized so as to show the hopefullness of the Mariner, the inward rhyme utilized by Coleridge likewise makes an energetic tone, as it accelerates the pace of the sonnet. Coleridge makes a stand out from the statement, ‘[the object] plunged and attached and veered’, as the Mariner’s own boat is totally still, the difference infers to the peruser that, maybe, this ‘sprite’ might be of the powerful domain, as there is no breeze all things considered. In verse 7, Coleridge veers off from the conventional melody structure, this opportunity to make the peruser mindful of the danger that the shape forces on the Mariner. Inside the sestet, Coleridge utilizes various artistic gadgets so as to impart the risk the Mariner’s transport is presently confronting. We see the artist utilize basic symbolism with the statement, ‘the western wave was all-afire. ’ The matching of two clashing components, water and fire, nearly appears to be unnatural, and is a case of the poem’s powerful subject. To be sure, the symbolism is utilized to show to the peruser that the Mariner is currently managing something extraordinary. Coleridge additionally utilizes imagery through the statement, ‘that weird shape drove out of nowhere betwist us and the Sun. ’ At this point, the Mariner is hindered from any wellspring of light, and ostensibly, as God made light, this implies he is totally cut off from God, and subsequently any sort of help from God is being discouraged. Basically, the sailor can't be secured or safeguarded against any sort of destructive or extraordinary being by this point. Comparative imagery is utilized in verse 8, as ‘the Sun was spotted with bars’, proposing that the sun has now been imprisioned by this item. The statement along with the metaphor, ‘through a prison grind he peered’ infers that whatever has imprisioned the sun is impeccably fit for confining the Mariner’s transport, expanding the dread felt by the Mariner as of now in his story. In refrains 10 and 11, the peruser discovers that ‘Death’ and ‘Life-in-Death’ are accountable for the baffling boat. The embodiment and capitalisation of these two figures impart to the peruser the degree of their capacity. Coleridge triggers stun in the peruser by forsaking the normal rhyme conspire, having an abccb instead of the daily practice and commonly anthem like abcb plot, Coleridge’s control of structure through whimsical accentuation additionally adds to the stun; ‘is that Death? ’ A sum of five inquiries are posed in refrain 10, making a feeling of both peril and vulnerability. In verse 11, Coleridge can inspire stun from the peruser by and by when portraying ‘Life-in-Death. ’ The peruser is first informed that ‘her locks were yellow as gold,’ as the likeness is genuinely regular, containing the run of the mill sentimental and majestic symbolism, Coleridge can trick us until he uncovers that ‘her skin was white as infection. ’ The juxtaposition among ‘gold’ and ‘leprosy’ presents her as this liminal figure, while she has certain attributes of a customary enchantress type; she is still phantom like, even evil. In verses 15, 16 and 17, Coleridge infers to the peruser that Life-in-Death and Death’s trivialized round of death has prompted the mariners’ deaths’ with the exclusion of the Ancient Mariner. As of now, on the primary line of the fifteenth refrain, the ‘star-hounded Moon’ proposes that change is close. The Mariner conveys his consistent blame to the peruser by dragging out the main line, ‘one after one’, the caesura, used to underline the easing back down of pace, likewise assists with mirroring his regret about different sailors, who he feels answerable for. Be that as it may, by the sixteenth refrain he talks in a to some degree isolates path as communicates in with numerical language, as opposed to genuinely drew in language, ‘four times fifty living men,’ in spite of his blame. On the other hand, the Mariner may have gotten desensitized after, obviously, hundreds of years of recounting to this story. Coleridge utilizes onomatopeoia so as to make an increasingly striking discernment in the reader’s mind, ‘heavy pound, a dead knot. ’ The inward rhyme is utilized to uplift our sound-related and visual faculties much more, as it echoes the sound made by ‘thump’. The onomatopeic language is likewise used to resound the way that the Mariner is currently totally secluded. In the last verse, we see another case of the Mariner’s sentiments of blame when he references his own shooting of the Albatross, ‘every soul†¦passed me by like the whizz of my cross-bow. ’ The Mariner’s routine comment about the Albatross toward the finish of each part recommend that his blame is durable, as it has stayed with him from that point onward. Basically, the statement suggests that his shooting of the gooney bird has brought about the 200 passings of his kindred sailors; section 3 leave us with the feeling that the Mariner is currently secluded, just as enveloped with blame.

The Power of a Hug

The Power of a Hug The old apothegm about the teacher learning more than his students is true. Suffice it to say, weve learned a lot during our 33-City Meetup Tour. The third leg of the tour starts in March 2012. If youd like to meet us, you can RSVP here. And you can see photos of past meetups here. Six Lessons Learned on the Road The 100%. Weve learned that the minimalism movement is applicable to everyone, from the Occupy Wall Street folks who showed up in St. Petersburg, to the Retired CEO who owned four homes and attended our Atlanta meetup. Irrespective of our income level or social statusâ€"whether were part of the 99% or the 1%â€"were all looking for answers. Minimalism can clear the excess from our lives and help us find those answers. The Growth. We grow whenever we get outside our comfort zones. This isnt easy. Getting outside our comfort zone involves embracing change, facing our fears, killing our doubts, dealing with our internal flinch, and embracing uncertainty. But it is then and only then you grow as individual. And when you grow, there is so much more of yourself to give to others. The Packing Party. So many people have been intrigued and inspired by Ryans packing party during this tour (including a UK writer who is working the full story into his book). Well likely write more about it in the months to come. The Kindness. During our first eleven cities, we had to pay for only one motel. All other nights we stayed with some amazing peopleâ€"like David and Meg in San Diego, Derek and Carrie in Kansas City, and many other cool people who took us in and accepted us as friends. The Help. Every city has had an amazing meetup leader who was willing to find a venue and coordinate the event. We couldnt have done it without them. When you add value to other peoples lives, they are willing to add value to yours. Contribution begets contribution. Contribution is inherently reciprocal. The Hugs. Weve hugged hundreds of people in the past few weeks. People react differently to a hug than a handshake. Try it out. Hug someone you hardly know today. It just might change their life. It just might change yours. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

What Is the Difference Between Quantity and Unit

What is the difference between a quantity and a unit? If you are working science or math problems, the answer to this question is the quantity is the amount or numerical value, while the unit is the measurement. For example, if a sample contains 453 grams, the quantity is 453 while the unit is grams. For this example, the quantity is always a number, while units are any measure, such as grams, liters, degrees, lumens, etc. In a recipe, the quantity is how much you need and the unit describes what you use to measure it. For example, 3 tablespoons and 3 teaspoons have the same quantity, but they use different units. Its important to note the units, whether its in the lab or in the kitchen! Units in Science Versus Math There are, however, other ways to answer the question. A quantity may also be considered to be a nonspecific number of items, particularly ones that would be hard to count. You could refer to a quantity of water or a quantity of air and not cite the number of molecules or mass. Units sometimes refer to individual sets. For example, if you are studying chemistry, you might have a unit on gases, a unit on conversions, and a unit on balancing equations. A set of rooms in an apartment building may be called a unit. Any removable component in a piece of electronics might e called a unit. If the term unit is used this way, quantity can mean how many units you have. If you need 3 units of blood for a transfusion, the number 3 is the quantity. Each unit is a single container of blood. More About Units and Measurement Introduction to Metric UnitsUnits of Measurement Quiz

Differences Between Men and Women Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2249 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Gender Essay Did you like this example? To what extent is language used differently and similarly by males and females? This paper assesses the claim that language is gendered, that is to say, that there is a significant difference between the way language is used by men and women. Discussion about gendered patterns of communication frequently appear in both the popular press and in psychology literature (Basow Rubenfeld, 2003, pp. 183-187). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Differences Between Men and Women Essay Example For Free At Magic Help" essay for you Create order This paper explores both the more anecdotal discussions of the subject in the popular press, and the more sophisticated discussions in academic works. During the course of this paper, it is argued that sex is not the determinate factor influencing the use of language. Instead, the use of language is much more dependent on individual differences and personalities, the social structure, and the context in which language is being used. However, before proceeding, it is worth exploring the term gendered and similar, associated terms. Gender is to some extent a performative and iterated social construct. Thus, gender is the characteristics attached to the male and female sex (Butler, 2002). This lacuna between sex and gender causes some problems when assessing whether language is gendered since much of the literature on the topic is not precise about whether what is being discussed is a difference between the two sexes (Men and Women) or a difference between the gender performances of the two genders (Male and Female). However, this paper does not have the space to discuss this complex area. Therefore, the focus of the paper is whether we can establish a claim that language is used differently by men and women. It will be concluded that such a claim cannot be proved or substantiated, and differences in language use are determined by the individuals personality/idiosyncrasies, temporal-socio-cultural location, and the specific context/situation in which language is being used. This paper assesses two distinct claims (myths) about the differences between how men and women use language. The first commonly held myth that shall be considered is the claim that women talk more than men. This is a commonly held myth within society, and one which is explored in much of the literature about language use in men and women (see: D Cameron, 2007; J Holmes, 2007, pp. 299-305; T Kornheiser, 2007, pp. 305-307). The second myth considered in this paper is the claim that men and women use language for different purposes/goals. Specifically, I shall examine Rossettis claim that: the main distinction between the way boys and girls communicate is that girls generally use the language to negotiate closeness [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ whereas] boys generally use language to negotiate their status in the group (competition-oriented) (Rossetti, 1998, pp. 1-6). I also consider Tannens similar and related claim that men use language to impart knowledge; whereas, women use language in a supportive role (Tannen, 2007, pp. 322-334). Specifically, Tannen argues that men play a game of Have I Won? while à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ women à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [play] a game of Have I been sufficiently helpful? (Tannen, 2007, p. 326). Korneiser provides an amusing anecdote involving his children to suggest that differences in their linguistic styles are based on differences of sex (Kornheiser, 2007, pp. 305-307). Although Kornheisers article is explicitly about how boys/men and girls/women respond to questions, the article implicitly demonstrates an anecdotal example of the myth that girls/women talk more, since Kornheisers daughter is depicted as far more verbose than her brother (Kornheiser, 2007, pp. 305-307). Kornheiser uses the anecdote of his more talkative daughter to suggest that this is typical of differences between how the sexes use language. More explicitly, Holmes begins her article by raising the myth that women talk more than men, opening with the question, Do women talk more than men? (Holmes, 2007, p. 299). Cameron is explicit that this attitude is a widely-held belief, and argues that it is one of the myth[s] of Mars and Venus isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [that] women talk more than men (Cameron, 2007). Both Holmes and Cameron aim to show that it is a myth that women talk more than men, by reporting, in detail, a vast number of studies as evidence. They rely on quantitative data to support their argument. For instance, Holmes describes a study by James and Drakich which examined the amount of talk used by men and women in 63 studies; the resulting study showed that women only talked more than men in 2 of the 63 studies (Holmes, 2007, p. 300). Precisely what is meant by amount of talk, here, is slightly unclear à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" it is not explicitly stated whether the studies are discussing the total number of words used by the men and women, or whether amount of talk refers to the amount of time each speaker talks for. Amount of talk is a somewhat unclear term; however, Holmes is keen to demonstrate that detailed research has been conducted, and that this has debunked the myth that women talk more than men. In contrast, the evidence that women talk more than men is mostly based on anecdote and commonly accepted ideas about gender differences. Cameron uses an even more quantitative approach to back-up her argument by detailing Hydes meta-analysis statistical technique (Cameron, 2007). Cameron also shows that the author of The Female Brain (wh ere it was claimed that women use 20,000 words a day, whilst men only use 7,000 words a day) had later accepted that the claim could not be substantiated and would be deleted from later editions (Cameron, 2007). Tannen takes a different approach. Although Tannen does claim that there are differences between how men and women they use language, Tannen implicitly argues that it is a myth that women talk more than men, since her anecdotes suggest that women do not talk more than men. Tannen relies, primarily, on anecdotal evidence to illuminate her argument that women listen and men talk. Her point is that men have information they wish to impart; and, thus, they lecture. Men, she claims, do not listen but use language as a form of monologue to impart information, whereas women play the role of the supportive listening audience (Tannen, 2007, pp. 322-334). Tannen is not necessarily aiming to dispel the myth that women talk more, but this is implicit in her depiction of men as lectur ers and women as the audience. In contrast to Holmes and Camerons presentation of their arguments, Tannens discussion primarily relies on qualitative data, in the sense that her article is based on personal anecdotes and her interactions with male and female colleagues. Both the approaches taken by Holmes/Cameron and Tannen fail to tell the whole story about the myth that women talk more. Holmes and Cameron dismiss the claim by referring to quantitative data and meta-analysis which fails to illuminate individual differences and context, whereas Tannen relies on anecdote and qualitative data to imply that it is myth that women talk more. Whilst Tannens article provides specific incidents and explores the context, situation and status of participants, she does not provide statistical or quantitative data to demonstrate that men really do lecture and women really do play the part of a listening audience. Whilst the evidence provided by Holmes, Cameron and Tannen seems to suggest that it is only myth that women talk more, this does not take into account individual personalities/differences, the socio-cultural context in which gender roles are played out or the specific situations and contexts that determine language usage. Interactions do not take place in a vacuum, but within a certain socio-cultural structure (that could still be argued is patriarchal). On this point, Macaulay makes the observation that in Western industrialized societies men have more often been in positions of power over women rather than the reverse (Macaulay, 2007, p. 309). Macaulay makes this observation in order to show that, given such a socio-cultural structure, it is not surprising if women are sometimes found to use more deferential language (Macaulay, 2007). Within such a context, it is not surprising if men are pushed into the role of lecturer, and women into the role of listening audience. Therefore, it seems that (rather than women talking more than men) men may talk more tha n women if they occupy a higher status in society. Instead of thinking that the amount of talk is differentiated along gender lines, it may be more accurate to think that the amount of talk is differentiated along hierarchical lines. The final section of this paper explores the second myth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the claim that men and women use language for different purposes/goals. Again, it shall be argued that to differentiate the way language is used along gender/sex lines is flawed and that a deeper understanding of the use of language requires consideration of individual peoples personalities, as well as the socio-cultural structure and the specific context/situation in which language is being used. Rossetti argues that language stylesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ reflect the different goals of the users (Rossetti, 1998). This is an innocuous claim, as it is reasonable to argue that language styles are dependent upon the goal(s) of the user. However, Rossetti argues that the different goa ls of the users can be differentiated along gender lines, that is to say men and women have different goals when they use language. Specifically, men use language to extend their authority and respect in society; while women [use language]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to nurture existing relationships and develop new ones (Rossetti, 1998). Rossettis view of how men and women use language seems very similar to Tannens view (previously mentioned) where men use language to lecture, and women play the role of audience (Tannen, 2007, pp. 322-334). Basow Rubenfeld provide a succinct summary of the supposed difference in the goals of men and women when they use language: in general, women are expected to use language to enhance social connection, and men are expected to use language to enhance social dominance (Basow Rubenfeld, 2003, p. 183). Thus, it seems that the two claims are linked. Men use language to enhance social dominance, and those who have social dominance are able to occupy more of the a mount of talk time. However, differentiation of language usage along sex binaries fails when we step away from quantitative analysis, and consider specific and unique contexts and situations. Generalizations based on quantitative analysis obscure individual differences between people by focusing on sex and analyzing sex as the determinate factor. Thus, Cameron succinctly argues that focusing on the differences between men and women while ignoring differences within them is extremely misleading (Cameron, 2007). To argue that a specific goal is pursued when using language which is determined by the sex of the speaker does seem to ignore the differences within a sex, and between individuals. Thus, an argument that ones purposes and goals when using language are determined by sex is a very blunt and unrealistic explanation for differences in language usage in a complex world in which there is a wide variety and difference within a sex, as well as between the sexes. A feminist anal ysis might suggest that it is not so much the case that men and women have different goals when they use language; rather, differences are due to perceived gender roles that become re-iterated and played out, for instance the role assigned to women which often sees them provid[ing] a silent, decorative background in many social contexts (Holmes, 2007, p. 304). Thus, if female loquacity is generally combined with disapproval of it (Cameron, 2007), a socio-cultural structure develops in which men have a dominant hierarchical place within it. From this position, it is plausible that society may develop a false belief that women talk more than men. A feminist analysis suggests that people overestimate how much women talk because they think that, ideally, women would not talk at all (Cameron, 2007). Thus, given the overestimation of how much women talk, the belief comes to exist that women talk more than men. However, this analysis reverts to the original argument that differences in language usage (whether it is the amount of words spoken, or the goal/purpose of language), cannot be differentiated along simple gender lines. It is necessary to take account of the individuals using language, and therefore the differences within a sex, as well as the socio-cultural structure in which language is used, as well as the specific situation/context of a particular utterance. Holmes argues that many different factors including the social context in which the talk is taking place, the kind of talk involved and the relative social confidence of the speakers, which is affected by such things as their social rolesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and their familiarity with the topic (Holmes, 2007, p. 304) are all involved in the way language is used. Thus, sex/gender is only one factor that influences how language is used, and it would be difficult to substantiate a claim that sex is the most important factor when considering how language is being used in a specific context. References Basow, S. Rubenfeld, K. (2003) Troubles Talk: Effects of Gender and Gender-Typing, Sex Roles, 48(3/4), 183-187. Butler, J. (2002). Gender trouble. New York: Routledge. Cameron, D. (2007, October 1). What language barrier?, The Guardian. Retrieved October 2, 2015. Holmes, J. (2007) Women Talk Too Much in Exploring Language (11th edition) (ed. G. Goshgarian). New York: Pearson/Longman, 209-305. Kornheiser, T. (2007) No Detail is Too Small for Girls Answering a Simple Question in Exploring Language (11th edition) (ed. Gary Goshgarian). New York: Pearson/Longman, 305-307. Macaulay, R. (2007) Sex Differences in Exploring Language (11th edition) (ed. Gary Goshgarian). New York: Pearson/Longman, 305-322. Rossetti, P. (1998). Gender differences in e-mail communication. The Internet TESL Journal, 4(7), 1-6. Tannen, D. (2007) Ill Explain It to You: Lecturing and Listening in Exploring Language (11th edition) (ed. Gary Goshgarian). New York: Pearson/Longman, 332-334.

Veterans Free Essays

Also, currently not enough care is given to veterans. Veterans have devoted their lives to this country and have made many sacrifices. There are approximately 21. We will write a custom essay sample on Veterans or any similar topic only for you Order Now illion veterans In the U. S. as of 2012. Of those veterans over 32,000 soldiers were wounded in Iraq. Also 4,787 U. S. troops died in Iraq serving their country. This service is not as appreciated as you would think, and I believe more effort should be put into taking care for all our veterans. The New Affordable Care Act makes it very difficult for veterans to receive reliable medical benefits and some even do more for our country. Many veterans still contribute to the nation’s work force, even after returning home from war. Over half of the veterans In the U. S. are still able to work after returning rom war. Many veterans suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are not given the proper attention and care to get back on their feet and find a job. 1 OF2 stu01es snow tnat 4 cases 0T PISD were present arter tne Vletnam war, ana 1 million lifetime cases as a result of the same war. A third of the veterans in the U. S. are out of a Job due to the symptoms of PTSD. The VA needs to take it upon themselves to help veterans cope with life after the war, so that they can get their life back on track. After returning home from war veterans find it very difficult to get a Job and provide or themselves. Especially the individuals who were wounded, while defending their country. A majority of these people are wounded mentally as well as physically, and they cannot provide for themselves anymore. Many people believe that veterans are more of a pain than anything else. Since their tax dollars are being used to fund programs like the VA. These organizations are making it very difficult for veterans to receive any health benefits. The new rule is that veterans must be active duty for 24 continuous months in order to be eligible for any kind of medical coverage. Veterans hat have put their lives on the line to defend their country should not have to worry about how they are going to provide for themselves. It is my firm belief that the VA should extend their support for all veterans for everything they have done for our country. This service should be provided to veterans forever. Veterans have done more than enough to deserve this care, and they can still contribute to the labor force. Finally, not enough care is given to our veterans. Between 130,000 and 200,000 veterans are homeless in America. This represents between one fourth and one fifth of all of the homeless people in the country. How to cite Veterans, Papers

Importance of Research In School Society And Teacher Essay Sample free essay sample

Research is of import because it allows us to measure and reexamine the quality of schools and instruction. It allows us to for betterment and policy alteration. It is aid to happen how research affects in your community. It is presents more information for scrutiny. This is allow us for betterments based on better information and survey. Education research is a field of enquiry aimed at progressing cognition of instruction and acquisition procedures and development of the tools and methods necessary to back up this enterprise. The consolidative intent for instruction research is to construct cumulative and sound cognition about human and societal procedure of cardinal significance to persons. to groups. and to the larger society. Research in Islam ; All faiths fundamentally exhort human race to be righteous and eschew immorality. But Islam goes beyond that. It guides us towards practical ways of accomplishing righteousness and extinguishing immorality from our single and corporate lives. The Importance of Conducting Research in Educational Setting ; Human beings behavior research every twenty-four hours. They do so in many different ways and in many different scenes. One of import country is instruction. Conducting research in an educational scene should be an of import facet of every educator’s professional life. Best and Kahn ( 1993 ) describe research asâ€Å"The systematic and nonsubjective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may take to the development of generalisations. rules. or theories. ensuing in anticipation and perchance ultimate control of events† Education in a research scene is done to better school patterns and at the same clip to better those persons who strive to better those patterns ( Best A ; Kahn. 1993 ) . The importance of impartial research to better instruction criterions and the quality of learning. I think research is an of import constituent of instruction surveies and instructor development Research is non ever a construct that practicians. directors and policy shapers respect. Too frequently it is seen as an academic activity conducted by others – to the profession. non with the profession. But I believe it should be respected. In fact I’d say instruction professionals are ever larning. happening out things. analysing information. accommodating their behaviour harmonizing to information received. looking to better and accommodating to modern demands. All of this constitutes research – whether professionals want to name it that or non. Let’s briefly imagine the universe of instruction without research: * On what would the acquisition and learning experience be based without underpinning research? If instruction is non based upon research and grounds. so it runs the hazard of being based upon one or more of the followers: * Dogma * Theory* Convenience* PrejudiceEducation is a political football and can be used for propaganda and political intents. I believe that there is a moral dimension to the profession – and to follow tenet blindly is incorrect. Education should function to emancipate. and promote democracy and equality of chance. Given that we have all been to school. we all have positions on how and what we were taught. The problem is that we were taught in an age gone by – new theories and technological progresss have taken. and are taking. topographic point. Establishing our pattern entirely on our ain acquisition experiences. without contemplation. average instruction runs the hazard of being outdated and non being advanced. Convenience and manageableness are of import. but the inquiry is whose ‘convenience’ ? Teachers can busy and even command students. every bit good as entertain them. But we have to inquire if ‘learning’ takes topographic point. Learning new things and new ways of behaving can be uncomfortable. It is non plenty to establish instruction and larning about convenience Research enables all of the above to be challenged. Establishing determinations upon grounds is morally sound. Research can assist instructors to understand what works and why. what the short and long-run deductions are. supply a justification and principle for determinations and actions. aid to construct a repertory to assist cover with the unexpected. place jobs. inform betterment and so forth. Researches benefit the practician:Practitioners have to follow to policy. but that does non intend following a prescribed expression. Teachers can accommodate it to suit the single demands of their ain students. But instructors are accountable. The public must hold faith in the profession – and attitudes to education vary across many societal groups – so the public presentation of instructors can be demonstrated through the publication of research findings. Teachers project their ain personality upon larning experiences. Sometimes this is intuitive and these determinations can either be successful or fail. Research methodologies give instructors the tools to analyze and do informed determinations about their pattern. Research helps instructors to portion with co-workers. Too frequently research looks backwards and there are lessons to larn. Research should be future oriented and designed to profit scholars instead than the research workers themselves. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN TEACHING Marion MacLean and Marian Mohr ( 1999 ) explain that the term teacher-researcher is an of import term to them because it has redefined their functions as instructors. Teachers are subjective insiders involved in schoolroom direction as they go about their day-to-day modus operandis of teaching pupils. rating documents. taking attending. measuring their public presentation every bit good as looking at the course of study. Traditional educational research workers who develop inquiries and design surveies around those inquiries and behavior research within the schools are considered nonsubjective outside perceivers of schoolroom interaction. But when instructors become teacher-researchers. the â€Å"traditional descriptions of both instructors and research workers change. Teacher-researchers raise inquiries about what they think and observe about their instruction and their students’ larning. They collect pupil work in order to measure public p resentation. but they besides see student work as informations to analyse in order to analyze the instruction and acquisition that produced it† The Importance of Teacher Research to the Classroom Teacher Why is Teacher Research of import to me? Many instructors already overburdened with course of study demands. answerability demands. and all the daily force per unit areas of maintaining a schoolroom running wonder why they should take on one more thing. To them. I can truthfully state. Teacher Research is non an add-on ; it is a manner of being! When you look at your schoolroom from a stance of â€Å"How can I make teaching/learning better? † you are taking a Teacher Researcher stance. Teacher Research is non something done TO us ; it is something done BY us. The end of Teacher Research is to set â€Å"Best Practices† about teaching/learning into existent pattern in your schoolroom. And the individual who does that is you. the schoolroom instructor. My first experience with Teacher Research occurred seven old ages ago. A co-worker and I conducted research about how multiple intelligences theory could impact pupil larning. We saw effects far beyond those we had read approximately. That research affected me so d eeply that I now organize my schoolroom within a multiple intelligences model. My schoolroom centres are related to the different intelligences. I teach kids to value and esteem the â€Å"different sorts of smart. † and I invite kids into the schoolroom community of scholars by â€Å"opening windows† ( Gardner ) to their strengths and involvements. Two old ages subsequently. I changed the manner I organized my authorship and art centres to reflect a doctrine of â€Å"communicating in one hundred languages† ( Reggio Emilia. Italy ) . I discovered that kids are capable of pass oning emerging apprehensions in many more ways than merely via pencil/paper. Again. the â€Å"Communication Center† is now a major portion of my schoolroom. This past twelvemonth. I conducted a year-long research undertaking on the relationship between drama and acquisition. The turns and bends of my research journey opened many doors for my pupils and me. The enriched schoolroom environment that resulted would non hold occurred without the research stance. inquiry. and journey. Teacher Research empowers instructors to do a positive difference in footings of schoolroom pattern ; it enables us to supply relevant information about instruction and acquisition in existent schoolrooms. Most significantly. by prosecuting in brooding pattern. the Teacher Researcher improves the lives of pupils by ever seeking to detect better. more effectual ways of implementing teaching/learning IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN SCHOOLS The Importance Of Research IN Study:Research is of import when conducted right because it helps us to understand and perchance even work out bing or possible jobs in the universe. This could be anything from societal issues to medical discoveries. Governments carry out research all of the clip in order to come to decisions about policies and schemes. They will frequently take experts in the peculiar field to travel out and transport out in-depth research to assist them out. Without this research and cognition. it would be hard to do a alteration in the universe. It would besides intend that alterations wouldn’t be to the full considered which could ensue in bigger jobs in the long tally. If a job is apparent. for illustration gun offense. it is indispensable to understand what has caused the job and why people continue to take portion in such illegal activity even though they know it is basically incorrect. Research will take to reply these inquiries so that informed determina tions can be made about what schemes will assist. The Importance Of Research In Our Daily Life: We all carry out research on a regular basis. though we don’t ever know that this is what we are making. Particularly now with the cyberspace. most of us look up different merchandises. vacation options etc every twenty-four hours – we research most things before we buy them or fall in them or whatever. We besides look up information – for illustration. you hear about a intelligence point on the wireless and so look it up to happen out more.

Overcoming Defense Mechanisms free essay sample

Practical implications of each term are included for the benefit of organizations interested in applying theory in practice. Key words: organizational cohesion, action systems, compliance, culture of tradition, complete concrete systems, and symbolism Organizational Cohesion According to Etzioni (1961), cohesion can be defined as a positive expressive relationship among two or more actors that can reinforce negative and positive norms (p. ). He further differentiates cohesion bonds between persons of the same rank, peer cohesion, and cohesion bonds between persons of different ranks, hierarchical cohesion. The degree to which peer cohesion exists within an organization can determine how readily norms that are held by the majority of a given group or held by the most influential persons within a group will be accepted by the remaining group participants. In other words, peer cohesion dictates the degree to which actors within a given group are likely to mimic or adopt each other’s behavior and/or values. We will write a custom essay sample on Overcoming Defense Mechanisms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has also been suggested by Homans (1951), that there is a direct correlation between the frequency and endurance of interaction within a group and the level of a group’s cohesiveness. In other words, the more group participants interact, the more likely it is that they will adopt each other’s mannerisms, outlooks, or orientations toward the larger group of which they are a part (Etzioni, 1961, p. 290). Assuming that norms that are beneficial to a particular organization are being fostered via peer ohesion, such as intra-team cooperation, the net effect could be a highly productive work environment with low employee turnover. Etzioni’s research implies that organizations with high peer cohesion tend to have low employee turnover, which reduces costs involved with recruiting and socializing new employees, knowledge capture, and maintaining daily work routines. However, it is important to note that cohesion can reinforce both negative and positive norms, which is to say behaviors that alienate an employee from an organization as well as behaviors that reinforce one’s commitment to an organization (p. 80 ). Reagans and McEvily (2003) suggest that cohesion, specifically social cohesion, influences the willingness of individuals to devote time and effort to assisting others within a given group, in addition to serving as a motivator to transfer knowledge to a coworker or colleague (p. 245). Ultimately, cohesion within an organizational group, can encourage a â€Å"you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours† effect that can encourage knowledge exchange across employees and reduce direct peer-to-peer or intra-departmental competition amongst employees (Reagan amp; McEvily, 2003, p. 245). In other words, â€Å"by limiting competition, social cohesion promotes knowledge transfer,† which is an essential component of a learning and innovative organization (Reagans amp; McEvily, 2003, p. 247). Although organizational cohesion can foster â€Å"exchange relationships that build commitment† (Tyndall, 2012, p. 3), it is essential that organizational leaders recognize tipping points wherein too much cohesion could increase group-think and inhibit innovation, performance, and potentially disrupt a work-group’s alignment with the overall organization’s values, should a given group’s norms contradict such values (p. ). Where possible, organizational leaders might assess the power that cohesiveness has within their organization, identify the source of cohesiveness, be it an agent of the organization or the organization itself, and take the necessary action to either encourage or discourage the cohesiveness, depending on whether it currently works in favor of the organization or to its detriment. Action Systems An action system embodies a collective effort to attain a single goal, as executed by interdependent work units’ processes, tasks, and functions. To attain its goal as a unit, a social action system adopts a structure and a process for organizing member activities† (De Ven, 1976, p. 25). An action system is a term used to describe a system that produces an output only if the necessary actions are completed by the appropriate parties throughout the entire production process-placing emphasis on the relationship that exists between actions and the larger task they accomplish. The existence of this term serves to illustrate a theoretical shift away from focusing on work units or groups and a shift toward focusing on the individual job holders’ roles within the larger group, analogous to speaking in of terms of cogs within a machine (Tyndall, 2012, p. 3). As Parsons (1951) has noted, â€Å"acts do not occur singly and discretely, they are organized in systems† (p. 7). Simply put, an action system is made up of two components: the actor and his situation (p. 7). By speaking in terms of action systems, the theorist or manager hopes to identify all factors that affect these two components in the name of achieving their end objective, be it decreasing production error and lags, and increasing production successes (non-defective output) or any combination thereof. The more an organization can identify all variables, resources, and actions required at each phase of production, the more it can regulate and manage them. â€Å"Resources and information flows are the basic elements of activity in organized forms of behavior† (De Ven, 1976, p. 25). If, for example, an actor works in reception at a doctor’s office, he/she might require a computer, medical forms, chairs for patients, clipboards, pens, etc. By tracking usage and resource requirements over an extended period of time, records might reveal that there are too many patients or too few chairs in the waiting area at any given time. Identifying this fail point will serve as a signal to the organization to either increase the number of chairs in the office, increase the number of business hours (to spread out patients), add a second partner, expand to a second location, or some other alternative. Total Quality Management, Lean Six Sigma, and Demings 14-Points of Quality are all examples of how organizations have provided structure to these very practices (Tyndall, 2012, p. 16-18) Just as an organization can identify, measure, and manage tangible resources along each stage of an action system, so too can an organization identify and measure intangible factors that influence workers orientation toward the organization and their assigned tasks. By understanding a worker’s motivation for being on the ob, an organization will be better equipped to frame that employee’s work and performance evaluation in such a way that will encourage the worker to achieve higher levels of performance. By structuring job functions in ways that directly attach task ownership to individual job holders, an organization can increase the accountability for that employee, and increase the likelihood of their experiencing satisfaction upon completely their assigned task –due to the ta sk’s proximity to its â€Å"owner† (Tyndall, 2012, p. 8). Forward-thinking and adaptable organizations will encourage transparency and two-way feedback between management and those who are managed. For this reason, it would be wise for organizations to seek input from employees when identifying areas of process improvement within action systems, share successes across the organization, and openly value collaboration between groups and collegiality within groups (Trist, 1981, p. 43, 57, amp; 49). Compliance Etzioni (1961) defines compliance as â€Å"a relationship consisting of the power employed by supervisors to control subordinates and the orientation of subordinates to this power† (p. xiii). Sciulli and Etzioni (1996) identify three sources of compliance: coercion, economic or pecuniary incentives, and normative values (p. 137). This interplay between the governors and the governed directly influences how an organization will function and be perceived by internal and external stakeholders. Further, the dynamic between these two parties sheds light on where power, and specifically the power to make change, resides within an organization. As was exemplified in The Challenger Disaster, the extent to which an organization’s members recognize when it is necessary to comply and when it is necessary to break from routine impinges on an organization’s ability to adapt and respond to catastrophic events: Argyris’s (1990) analysis of The Challenger Disaster brought to light the following: The problems were not only in the structure, rules, and independent monitoring devices. The problems also were that highly committed, well-intentioned, safety-oriented, can-do players reasoned and acted in ways that violated their own standards and made certain that this violation was covered up and that the cover-up was covered up. (p. 42). One could argue that NASA’s employees ignored their respective ethical instincts and instead complied with that of the organization, NASA: an unspoken practice of ignoring unsettling information in the name of making deadlines, satisfying stakeholders, or perhaps satisfying its own hubris. Regardless, this catastrophe serves to illustrate the negative implications of compliance, particularly as perpetuated through normative values. Organizational theorists, such as Ogbonna and Harris (1998) have set out to determine what behaviors within organizations evolve through genuine organic change and behaviors that evolve in response to deliberate actions taken by management via compliance. Their research indicates that efforts made by management to alter culture within an organization via compliance may prove successful, but not for a signal unified reason. In other words, an organization’s members may all buy-in to a behavioral modification or practice advocated by management, but for reasons that are unique to the individual members or groups of members within the organization. â€Å"Hence, a key implication of these findings is that managements attempting to alter culture should consider how multiple interpretations of the rationale for change influence the success of the change effort† (p. 284-285). Some changed in resigned compliance, some in authentic willingness, and some â€Å"cognitively accepted espoused values in order to further their careers† (p. 85-286). Management might benefit from this insight by carefully selecting which company practices or values they wish to indoctrinate employee with, particularly if such practices do not relate directly to tasks associated with production and instead relate to rules on how employees might govern themselves socially or culturally within an organization; if laun ching a new effort to encourage the valuing of X, perhaps it would be wise for management to seek employees’ input on why everyone should value X in order to determine whether a consensus on the promotion’s rationale exists. This will help ensure that all employees are not only helping to move the company in the same direction, but are doing so for the same or perhaps, intended, reasons. Culture of Tradition A culture of tradition within an organization consists of a subset of individual cultural traditions or â€Å"shared symbolic system[s] which function in interaction† (Parsons, 1961, p. 11). A culture of tradition is a culture that engender s its participants with values that center on traditional or historically patterns of interaction, patterns that have come to exist through repeated practice carried out by members of the organization. If an organization comes to value tradition, it could be inferred that such an organization will devalue or sanction behaviors that encourage or work in support of change, behaviors that we have come to know as organizational defenses or defensive routines. As Tyndall (2012) suggests, â€Å" defensive routines are rewarded by most organizational cultures because routines indicate a sense of caring and concern for people† (p. 13). Further, Tyndall suggests that routines are often protected by the same people who prefer that such routines not exist. Rather than expose detrimental cultural practices, organizations prefer to keep them hidden so as to prevent exposure and embarrassment (p. 13). For the purpose of this paper, let us assume that organizational identity and organizational culture are interconnected. Santos and Eisenhardt (2005) point out that â€Å"organizational identity helps members make sense of their situation by clarifying the defining attributes and purpose of the organization, thereby reducing ambiguity and providing direction† (p. 500). If an organization’s current culture, a culture of tradition, is borne out of circumstances from fifty years ago, it can be inferred that there will a disconnect or lack of alignment between the direction the organization needs to be going in and the direction it actually is going in. Santos and Eisenhardt go on to suggest that: Organizational members actively perform collective sensemaking (Weick 1995) through which they gain awareness of new information, share interpretations of prior actions, and converge on the meaning of environmental changes and appropriate courses of action. p. 500). Assuming that employees are constantly being exposed to new information, but are inhibited on how to make use of or capitalize on such information because of the existence of cultural constraints, it will not only discourage innovation within the organization, but will also stymie employee’s desire to exercise creativity and engage with the organization. Ultimately, an organization s hould work to align its identity, culture, and activities it carries out (p. 00), maintain traditions that to not impinge on efficacy of essential processes, and foster an environment that embraces conflict and change (Trist, 1981, p. 47). Complete Concrete Systems Parson’s (1951) defines a complete concrete system of social action as consisting of a social system, the personality systems of the individual actors involved, and the cultural system which is built into such actors actions (p. 5-6). A cultural or social system is stagnant, unless the elements included therein are carried out through practice and action via an action system (p. 17). He further elaborates: A social system consists in plurality of individual actors interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors who are motivated in terms of a tendency to the ‘optimization of gratification’ and whose relation to their situations, including each other, is defined and mediated in terms of a system of culturally structured and shared symbols. p. 5-6). Parsons emphasizes the need to consider these three elements independently, as no one can be further reduced or ignored in the context of the general theory of action systems. In short, Parsons wishes to draw attention to the interplay that exists between personality, culture, and the society in which these elements exist; one cannot consider personality without also considering the context in which it exists or has been cultivated. As an organization develops its sense of self, it might also come to recognize the types of personalities that it supports and the types of personalities that it prefers not to engage. Once an organization is able to identify the types of personalities it attracts or tends to hire, it might then explore the question of why it is that these personalities â€Å"fit† the organization; it may be that the personalities hired within an organization are in fact not working in favor of the organization’s larger mission, but instead reflect historical cultural practices that actually work against the organization. The more that an organization is able to hone in on the types of personalities, behaviors, and the types of individuals that it is best suited to hire or from which it would benefit the most, the better able it will be to refine the organization’s culture and overall defining character. This is not to suggest that an organization should attempt to hire one type of personality, but it is to suggest that an organization should attempt to identify the types of personalities best uited for particular work units, roles within such work units, and conceive of ways to encourage hiring, training, and evaluation practices, that foster the development of such individuals rather than inhibit them. Agents within an organization should be mindful of the personalities with which they interact, particularly when presenting ideas to or interacting with decision-makers. Framing ideas in ways that appeal to decision-makers could prove advantageous and foster productive discourse. Symbolism Symbolism, or symbolic systems of meaning, come into existence as individual social actors engage with social objects (Parsons, 1951, p. 10). An actor comes to expect or associate certain actions with particular results through practice. The dynamic relationship between actions and the associations one comes to assign to particular actions exists through communication that is both implicit and explicit across an organization. Like culture, symbols come to exist by observing or partaking in patterns of behavior; if I do X, Y happens, or on a more simple level, if I sit on X, X is a chair. These expectations form â€Å"pattern consistency† (Parsons, 1951, p. 10), or logical consistency that enable people to transmit information to one another in ways that can be easily understood, whether this transmission is intentional or unintentional. These transmissions deliver messages to the receiver and it is these messages that come to form symbols. For these reason, symbols are highly subjective and based on the perception of the message’s recipient. Organizations must be mindful of the role that symbolism has in shaping the culture of an organization. Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchinson, amp; Sowa (1986) define perceived organizational support (POS) as â€Å"global beliefs about the extent to which the organization cares about [employees] well-being and values their contributions† (Fuller, Barnett, Hester, Relyea, 2003, p. 789). Research consistently shows that perceived organizational support (POS) is positively correlated with organizational commitment. In other words, the more an organization’s employees perceive themselves to be supported by an organization, the more likely it is that they will commit themselves to the organization and its mission. Further, when people perceive that their organization values and appreciates them, they interpret it symbolically to mean that the organization has respect for them or sees them as having a high status within their organization. Perceiving one’s self as having high status, Gardner amp; Pierce (1998) suggest, will likely encourage commitment to an organization; this encourages a person to believe themselves to be worthy of being an organizational member (Fuller, et al. , p. 790).

Discriminated Criminals Essays - Abuse, Social Inequality

Discriminated Criminals Essays - Abuse, Social Inequality Discriminated Criminals The Criminal Justice system has always had discrimination in it. Discrimination can come from the police, courts, or even from lawyers. For example, in the Gideon vs. Wainwright case the court ruled that the state must provide a public defender but it did not rule that the public defender must be good or competent. (Too Poor N.Pag.). In most cases where a public defender is provided the defendant loses the case because the lawyer is new or incompetent. Thus the criminal justice system needs reform. The Criminal Justice System discriminates against the economically challenged and minorities because of police discrimination, unbalanced sentencing and incompetent public defenders. Police discrimination is a major factor in the criminal justice system. Police can discriminate towards different people and in different places at anytime the officers want. White police discriminate in jails and on the streets, which can be called racial profiling. In jail a white officer could give a black man a harder time then he would a white man. On the streets a white officer will stop a black man for no reason, ask where the black man is going, and often the officer will search the black mans car of belongings (Cole 7.). White police will go through poor neighborhoods to stop and search anyone the white police want (Cole 7.). A black man has a chance of getting picked up by the police for a DWB, which is Driving While Black which is impossible for most white people to even comprehend (Cole 7.). Another form of discrimination is from the black police. Sometimes the black police can discriminate just like the white police. Black police will discriminate against all ethnic groups like whites, blacks and other minorities. The black police discriminate against other blacks because the police believe that the black criminals are keeping the rest of the black community down. Black police also discriminate against the other minorities, not just the black criminals. Some black police feel the same way about Mexicans as some white police feel about blacks, that the Mexicans are what make this country bad. Another reason why there is talk about discrimination in the criminal justice system is because of unbalanced sentencing. Black men are more often sentenced for a first offense and usually get a longer sentence for something that the white men would only be getting a fine for (One-Third 25.). A California study showed that one out of six of six hundred twenty-five thousand black men were arrested, black men make up three percent of the population but account for forty percent of the prison population (Miller N. pag.). Black men usually pay twice as much bail as whites and usually get jailed before trial (One-Third 25.). Twelve percent of the American population is black and thirteen percent of blacks have used drugs but blacks account for thirty-five percent of arrests for drugs possession, fifty-five percent of convictions and forty-four percent of prison sentences (One-Third 25.). Most crack users in the United States are white but most prosecuted are black (Carter 290+.). Only fou r of the first thirty-seven death penalty prosecutions from the Anti-Drug Abuse Act have been white (Carter 290+.). Unbalanced sentencing, besides affecting black people wrongly, can also effect poor people wrongly. Poor people can get harsher sentencing just because a judge does not like the person for not being able to keep a job or for not paying taxes. Poor people could get a harsher sentence because the poor person does not have the money to pay a fine of a mere fifty-dollars. The judge knows that the poor person could not pay the fine. Even though misdemeanors and fines are small to most people, to a poor person it could mean imprisonment. Judges can also be swayed by the appearance of a person and a poor person cannot show up to court battered or in a suit. Incompetent public defenders are the biggest form of discrimination in the entire Criminal Justice System. The biggest problem is the funding for the public defenders. Even though it is less than two percent of the total spending on law enforcement and only ten percent of spending on all judicial and legal sources, people can still

Ladders and stairways safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ladders and stairways safety - Essay Example Stairway or ladder is considered as essential to provide to the employees when nineteen inches or more elevation has to be made without any ramp, embankment, runway or personal hoist. It should be kept in mind that it is mandatory for the employers to provide its employees a ladder or a stairway in every such point of transition. If the two levels are joined by only one point of transition employers should keep that point clear of any obstacles so that the employees are ensured of a free passage of movement. However even after taking adequate precaution if that transit point gets clumsy so that the movement of the employees gets severely restricted, the employer should prepare a second point of transition between the same two levels and provide its access to their employees. Furthermore if on from the very beginning or in the course of work a certain working place gets more than once access point between two levels the employers have to ensure that one of the transit point must be open for all the time and it should be cleared of any obstacle as well. A culmination of cautiousness, precaution and technology has to be used to ensure ladder safety at work place. To avoid slipping hazards ladder should be kept free of any slippery materials such as oil, grease and other form of oily element. Even to maintain a ladder use of all these products are strictly prohibited. Even after taking all the precautionary measures, if somehow the surface of the steps catches oil immediate wipe is strictly recommended. Each type of ladder is constructed with a certain objective and using them for their particularly purpose would not only ensure their longevity but it will also keep away several unwanted incidents. While putting a ladder into use the surface quality must be carefully watched. If the surface is uneven or slippery it may easily

Case Study -Ethics and Professional Practice Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

-Ethics and Professional Practice - Case Study Example The basic ethical principles are respect, empowerment, protection, responsibility and commitment. Every professional practice is shaped by its own ethics and codes of conduct that are expected of those who practice it. The police have a duty to protect themselves and other people considered vulnerable in society such as children and have the responsibility to carry the burden brought about by their conduct (Kleinig, 1997). In the case of Kelly Woods, there are various ethical issues that do arise, which challenge the practice of the policeman. Physical assault is ethically wrong of a father does that to intentionally inflict pain to a child. However, the problem comes when parenting roles conflict with family wrangles. The suspension of the young boy from school following his possession of porn and a pocket knife is an ethically right practice that is in line with rules and regulation of schooling. The child was to be punished but not assaulted. Ethics for parenting were thus broken by the father. The filing for a case five years after the assault case is questionable given that it is done with the assistance of the mother yet the two are separated. There could be possibilities of the young person evading future punishment due to his juvenile deliquesce and on the other hand, the mother might be silently pushing for child custody without putting her intentions clear. In the above case, there are possibilities that the police, in their faithful duty to serve the public, are being used unethically to settling personal scores. This is a case that calls for further investigation and avoid looking at things from one point of view. Cases such as these are normally complicated because the parents normally go to extreme options when seeking to take custody of kids. One ethical issue that normally stands out in such circumstances as has been seen in this case of Kelly Woods is the fact that children normally take advantage of

What Might We Mean By Firm Performance

What Might We Mean By Firm Performance The firm performance is a complex term which may include different shadows of meaning as long as it relates to organizational performance, functioning of the firm and outcomes of its operations. Normally, the firm performance implies the organizational performance, including manufacturing of products and services, functioning of different units of the firm, performance of its employees and outcomes of their work in total. At the same time, the firm performance can be viewed in a broader context as a part of the business development of the firm. What is meant here is the fact that the business development mirrors the firms performance and allows to assess the extent to which the organizational performance is effective. At this point, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the firms performance is basically measured in terms of efficiency of the firms operations. In fact, the more effective the firms operations are completed the more positive the organizational performance is and, on the contrary, the low efficiency of firms operations and employees performance means the poor firms performance. In this respect, employees performance comprises an integral part of the firms performance because, in the contemporary business environment human resources, comprise an important marketing asset of any organization. Therefore, the efficiency of employees performance affects consistently the firms performance. Furthermore, it is important to take into consideration that the firms performance is an important indicator for investors and stakeholders. What is meant here is the fact that the firms performance indicates whether the company is worth investing or not. For instance, investors are ready to invest money in firms with the positive marketing performance, whereas poor marketing performance indicates at problems firms have in their business development. As a result, investors avoid investing money in companies with poor performance because they are uncertain in the return on investments and because of high risks accompanying such investments. What is competitive advantage, in OPERATIONAL and CONCRETE terms? The competitive advantage of a company is one of the most important factors that define the competitive position of the company in the market. In fact, the competitive position of a company means the marketing position and performance of the company compared to its major rivals. In this regard, it is necessary to pay a particular attention to the return on investments rate of the company because the higher is the return on investments and lower risks associated with investments and business development of the company, the better is the marketing position of the company. In fact, the company with the high return on investment can count for the steady improvement of its marketing and competitive position because it can take advantage of its business development and growth which occur due to the high return on investments. In addition, the competitive advantage should be unique, relevant and sustainable. At the same time, it is important to distinguish competitive position in operational and concrete terms. In this regard, the competitive advantage in operational terms implies the advantage of the company in terms of its business development, introduction of innovations, use of management strategies, organization of production process and other operations conducted by the company. The competitive advantage of the company in operational terms is defined by its ability to take a better position compared to its rival due to a better organization of the production process and other operations conducted by the company compared to its rivals. As for the competitive advantage in concrete terms, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the competitive advantage in concrete terms implies the advantage of the company in terms of the assets value of the company, costs of its facilities, fixed costs, and other fixed values of the company, along with the products and services provided by the company to its customers. In other words, the competitive advantage in concrete terms implies the advantage the company gains in quantity of products, revenues and other items which can be measured and assessed accurately. Finally, on analyzing the competitive advantage concept, it is worth mentioning the fact that companies have to maintain their competitive advantage. In other words competitive advantage should be sustainable to insure that the company keeps progressing. Otherwise, if the company fails to maintain its competitive advantage, it is doomed to failure because it cannot afford the competition for rivals will keep progressing and outpace the company that has stopped in its development. Question 3: Assess the merits of the VRIO framework when determining a firms competitive advantage? The VRIO framework allows to obtain the basic information on the competitive advantage of a firm. To put it more precisely, the VRIO framework focuses on four key items defining the competitive position of a firm, including value, rarity, imitability, and organization. The value of the company is very important for determining its competitive position. In terms of the VRIO framework, the value implies the ability of a firm to neutralize external threats and hold a better marketing and competitive position compared to its rivals. In such a way, increasing the value, a firm can improve its competitive position and take the lead in the industry. The rarity implies the control over resource in hands a few and the firm should attempt to limit the access of the rivals to the resources. Alternatively, the company may attempt to establish control over resources and, thus, get a consistent competitive advantage over its rivals, especially if they cannot get access to resources. Furthermore, imitability involves the protection of the uniqueness of products and services provided by the company to its customers and the ability of the company to protect its products and services from imitations from the part of its rivals. In this regard, the protection of intellectual property rights, the development of new, original and unique products is crucial because it provides the company with an excellent opportunity to take advantage and hold the dominant competitive position in the market. The uniqueness of products or services is crucial for the competitive position of the company. Finally, the organization is another important factor that determines the competitive position of the company and its competitive advantage. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the fact that the effective organization allows the company to optimize the production process and company-customer relationships. As a result, companies with a better organization has a competitive advantage of its rivals because its performance is better compared to its rivals due to the better organization of work and more efficient work of employees within the company.

The Importance Of Depreciation Expenses

Depreciation as a concept and in practice plays a very important role in a companys cash flow hence in funding. The reasons are basically two, firstly because depreciation is a way of self finance for an organization and secondly because is a way of decreasing taxes that the government claims as the company doesnt have to pay taxes on depreciation which consequently enlarges the cash flow of the company. As a term depreciation in accounting is the process of allocating the cost of a capital asset over the period of its useful life. Depreciation takes into account the decrease in the service potential of capital assets invested in a business venture, resulting from such causes as physical wear and tear in ordinary use, deterioration by natural elements or obsolescence caused by technological changes. Basically depreciation is a loss in value or a diminishment in market price of a good always taking the time factor into account. Depreciation is a rate of change in value in an asset fixed or current compared to the present value of that asset. For example if a company purchases machinery for the production of a certain product the management must take under consideration the equipments life cycle, meaning that this machinery has a certain period of time in which it can contribute to the production before it becomes useless. Useless in a sense of a newer machine will be invented in some years which will be probably faster or more capable to produce better quality. The time factor of course always varies depending on the asset. For example the usefulness of a computer may be three years before it needs replacing, as for a building may be fifty years. A Mercedes van for instance in year 2000 could be purchased at the value of 13 million drachmas and its productive life span before it needs to be replaced will probably be 8 years. After the 8 years the van purchased would cease from being of any productive use to the company and if it needs to be resoled its market value would have depreciated drastically due to the time fade from the initial purchase. Its devaluation is its year zero value less an annual percentage of the devaluation process updated annually. But depreciation doesnt apply only to current assets but also is applicable to fixed assets as well. Buildings are losing their value too taking the time scale factor under consideration again. If a new building in year 1980 was valued 100 million drachmas as a newly built structure its value by the year 2030 will be definitely decreased by the depreciation rate estimated. The most widely used method to calculate depreciation is the so called straight line method, in which the rate of depreciation is constant for the entire working life of the capital assets. Thus, if a machine cost 1 million 100 thousand drachmas and is assumed to have a 10 year useful life and a scrap value of 100 thousand drachmas at the end of 10 years, the amount of annual depreciation would be 100 thousand drachmas and the annual depreciation rate 10 per cent. Which is the annual depreciation divided by cost minus scrap value. Because depreciation is subtracted from the assets of a financial statement it is not a subject to taxation therefore the company has automatically achieved a higher cash flow status by depreciating its assets, the worth of its capital value. This can be visible from the following cash flow calculation.

Microeconomics †Product & Resource Markets

It was at Menlo Park Laboratory Complex that Thomas Edison first unveiled the incandescent light bulb in December 1879 (Bellis 2006). More than a century has passed and, in that time, his famed invention has spread all over the world, marking great cities visible to passing planes. It has diminished from an astonishing wonder to an everyday, commonplace thing. In a large portion of the globe, light bulbs have become a basic necessity, placing it among products with inelastic demand. Without the artificial lighting, all manner of work at night would have to be severely limited. Artificial lighting also satisfies the demand for abstract concepts like the feeling of security and comfort. Demand for this product is inelastic because there are no substitutes for light bulbs; no other invention can efficiently produce artificial lighting. Incandescent light bulbs can be sold for less than a dollar a piece and requires a very small proportion of income. Changes in the price of artificial lighting is likely to cause only relatively small shifts in demand. If more than a century after Edison invented incandescent lighting, a new invention was placed in the market- a paint product that provided light when supplied with a weak electrical current. This new product presents itself as a substitute, which in turn, steals dollar votes for light bulbs. The quantity of light bulbs is sure to go down as some consumers favor the new product, forcing light bulb manufacturers to either exit the industry, increase prices, lower manufacturing costs, or innovate. A lot of women around the world, even those who don’t know fashion TV and the like, want a Prada bag. They can fetch a price of some hundreds to thousands of dollars. The supply for these bags, however, is inelastic. Even if the tiniest bag were to suddenly jack up in price, the quantity of Prada bags in the market would remain the same, or even go down as Prada will realize that their market has shrunk considerably. A Prada bag is unique, requiring very specific materials and highly skilled labor, including that of the designer, put together in a controlled manner. Because there is only one fashion house for Miuccia Prada, she, as a resource, has no substitution possibility contributing to the inelasticity of supply. Reference List: Bellis, M. (2006). The inventions of Thomas Edison. Retrieved November 2, 2006, from: http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bledison.htm   

Homelessness And The Homeless Council Website - 961 Words

Blowing wind, extreme temperatures, lack of private amenities and feeling of shame; these are all of the issues that homeless people endure on a daily basis. Homelessness is an issue that is on rise for many communities throughout the United States. It not only is your stereotypical person but it can be families who have come of hard times but also our veterans who have served our country. According to the National Health Care for the Homeless Council website (2016), â€Å"A homeless individual is defined as an individual who lacks housing (without regard to whether the individual is a member of a family), including an individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or private facility that provides temporary living accommodations, and an individual who is a resident in a transitional housing† (para. 1). Issues caused by homelessness have many communities creating policies and ordinances for those issues that could become a future problem. 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